Aortic valve replacement is a surgical procedure used to replace a diseased or damaged aortic valve in the heart with a mechanical or biological valve. This procedure is commonly performed in patients with aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation, which can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Aortic valve replacement can improve symptoms and overall quality of life, and is often recommended for patients who are not candidates for less invasive treatments such as valve repair or transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The procedure carries risks, but advances in surgical techniques and technology have improved outcomes for patients undergoing aortic valve replacement.